How does one accomplish this type of code alignment?

[Noffica]

{
           :symbol_name => "value_one"
      :long_symbol_name => "value_two"
    :longer_symbol_name => "value_three"
}

Secondly, what is this type of code alignment called?

[fico]

There are a bunch of Alignment Plugins that you can check out.
 

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I prefer AlignTab, as you can perform alignment via live RegEx input, and you can also save commonly used patterns: